Development of the Geo-Time Interactive Learning Innovation Using the PARAM.ED Model to Enhance Geographic Learning Achievement and Analytical Thinking Skills in Lower Secondary Students
Sr No:
5
Page No:
34-36
Language:
English
Licence:
CC BY-NC 4.0
Authors:
Paramed Sukchaem*
Published Date:
2025-12-23
Abstract:
This study developed and evaluated the Geo-Time Interactive Learning innovation based on the PARAM.ED Model to enhance Grade 7 students’ understanding of geographic coordinates and the world time system. The research objectives were to: (1) develop the innovation, (2) examine its efficiency following the 80/80 criterion, (3) compare students’ learning achievement before and after using the innovation, (4) analyze their analytical thinking skills, and (5) investigate their satisfaction.
The study employed a research and development (R&D) design. The sample comprised 38 Grade 7 students selected through cluster random sampling. Research instruments included the innovation, lesson plans, a 30-item achievement test, an analytical thinking test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, efficiency index, and dependent t-test.
Results indicated that the innovation demonstrated very high quality according to expert evaluation. Its efficiency (82.67/83.50) surpassed the 80/80 benchmark. Students showed significantly higher post-learning achievement scores than pre-learning scores at the .01 level. Analytical thinking skills were at a good level, and overall satisfaction was at the highest level. The findings confirm that the Geo-Time Interactive Learning innovation effectively strengthens learners’ conceptual understanding, spatial reasoning, and analytical thinking while increasing motivation in geography learning.
Keywords:
Geo-Time Interactive Learning, PARAM.ED Model, Geographic Coordinates, World Time System, Analytical Thinking Skills